The Role Of Health Ngos Health And Social Care Essay

Health attention in Nigeria is structured along, and administered through the cosmopolitan three grades: the primary degree run by the local authorities, the secondary by the province and the third by the federal authorities ( FMOH 2005 ) . The part of Nigeria ‘s wellness sector to the national economic system remains ill defined, and as a consequence Nigeria was ranked a blue 187th place among the 191 United Nation member province ( WHO 2000 ) .Health attention installations are unequal in Nigeria ( Yohesor 2009 ) and this includes wellness Centres, forces and medical equipment. Moreso, the province of bing installations is frequently distressing due to miss of care. As Lee provinces: ‘A wellness attention system is an organisational model for the distribution or service of the wellness attention demands of a given community. It is a reasonably complex system of inter-related elements that contribute to the wellness of people-in their places, educational establishments, in work topographic points, the populace ( societal or recreational ) and the psychological environments every bit good as the straight wellness and health-related sectors. ‘ ( Lee 2009: 1 ) . However, with the many societal and infrastructural jobs facing the state is the chase of the politically attractive third wellness attention which, arguably, has remained the lone attractive country of the wellness system, to the hurt of other degrees of attention. The disregard of Nigeria ‘s wellness attention, with particular mention to the primary wellness attention system, its maldistribution, will ensue in an upside-down wellness attention pyramid. By deduction, instead than bring forth wellness for the people, would ever hold the menace to fall in on itself. Harmonizing to Asuzu ( 2003 ) , Nigeria ‘s wellness attention system has experienced past reforms, runing from the traditional wellness attention system that existed in the single Nigerian communities and the cultural groups before the epoch of colonisation boulder clay day of the month. Though Nigeria ‘s wellness attention system is geared towards guaranting handiness and handiness of wellness attention by Nigerians, yet the state ‘s wellness attention remains a major concern. On the other manus, wellness attention reform is the ‘process of bettering the public presentation of bing systems of presuming efficient and just responses to future alterations. It has besides been defined as sustainable, purposeful alteration aimed at bettering the wellness sector ; wellness attention reform is initiated by public or political action, is motivated by dissatisfaction caused by the failure to present results and implemented on a sector broad degree ( Berman 1995 ) . This presupposes that reforms might turn to the jobs of hapless quality of attention, inefficiencies in the bringing of services, inequalities and limited entree to wellness, degree of answerability and deficient reactivity to client demands. Globally, it would look Non-governmental Organizations have undertaken a broad scope of maps, including but non limited to, human-centered aid, developmental assistance, and publicity of human rights and lobbying to protect the environment. In other words, the function of non-governmental ( NGOs ) might hold been seen to spread out. Capturing the kernel of wellness NGOs, Gilson states: †¦..humanitarian aid is ‘assistance given to run into the challenges of a human-centered crisis, about ever includes proviso of some type of health care, be it preventative action ( such as supplying shelter, clean H2O and healthful installations, immunisation against epidemics ) or direction of exigencies ( such as hurts from a catastrophe ) . ‘ Arguably, Nigeria is presently undergoing wellness sector reform aimed at accomplishing improved efficiencies in resource use, improved quality of wellness services every bit good as greater equity of entree to wellness services. Jong-Chan ( 2002 ) asserts that given the strong influence they possess, NGOs remain the lone sector that can authorise the populace to demand a stable national wellness plan ; NGOs should convey their experiences in wellness attention reform to bear in order to beef up their alone place in the wellness attention system, independent of both governmental laterality and medical liberty. In the visible radiation of the above averment, it would look Non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) have ever been in the head of progressing fresh thoughts, and in encouraging and back uping authoritiess to implement them. At a simple degree, NGOs by and large represent the ‘voice of the people ‘ at all levels- local, national and international, and have taken on functions such as protagonism, instruction and preparation ( Ogunbekun, 2004:3 ) , and have been active in monitoring and bettering what has, or has non, been implemented or achieved. For illustration, NGOs have been in the forepart burner in advancing, developing and bettering a comprehensive and holistic attack to wellness attention services. For alteration to go on, it would be necessary to join forces with the relevant stakeholders in the wellness sector, whether they work in authorities, in disposal, or as suppliers of the necessary services, to convey approximately needed alteration and betterment ; besides to guarantee the people understand and support the alterations which need to be made ( Lorgen, 1998 ) . Moreso, wellness professional associations might be effectual in working with wellness NGOs in bettering wellness attention bringing. Often, they seek the advice of wellness professionals sing issues around wellness attention, basically because they know that medical moralss require doctors to supply nonsubjective advice on wellness issues, in the best involvements of their patients ( Pfeiffer 2003 ) . Health NGOs, together with wellness professionals, might besides use the accomplishments and experiences that NGOs have garnered in seting information and messages across to the populace in such a manner that the populace is able to understand and this will be necessary in bettering wellness attention. The function or value of NGOs in progressing wellness is hinged on three premises, emerging from the research enterprise of George Washington University ‘s Centre for international Health: Individual wellness and communities ‘ socio-economic development are per se linked ; Well targeted wellness publicity activities can lend non merely to better wellness but can besides heighten an person ‘s societal wellbeing ; Local NGOs whose members are antiphonal to the communities they serve, are more likely to supply this linkage through furthering community authorization. Many NGOs are involved in preparation programmes which is a function they seem to hold undertaken at all degrees. Therefore, they are well-positioned to help the relevant authorities sections in conveying about alterations and betterment in wellness attention system ( Gilson 2003 ) . It would follow that NGOs should be invited by authoritiess to help as spouses in creative activity of consciousness, mobilisation and development of developing programmes on wellness attention reforms. Besides, wellness NGOs seem to hold the capacity to authorise communities to move on their ain behalf, fiting people to better the ‘social and physical environments contributing for healthy life styles, and of wellness protagonism to enable policy shapers to acknowledge and appreciate the necessity for betterments in wellness attention conditions ‘ ( Starfield 2011 ) . Following the policy statement of World Health Organization ‘s 1978 Alma Ata Conference, besides known as the Alma Ata Declaration, which proposed that ‘primary wellness attention ( PHC ) be adopted for wellness planning and bringing, stressing on equity in wellness, disease bar, and a comprehensive scheme to advance single and community wellness ‘ ( Rodriguez 2001 ) , a wellness instruction scheme might propose that within a socio-political context, wellness instruction aims to increase person ‘s consciousness of his or her wellness position, and the causes and determiners of that position, thereby increasing the possibility for positive action. As Asuzu ( 2003 ) points out †¦ ‘NGOS act as accelerator by promoting the assorted sections concerned with wellness to go actively involved in reform exercises†¦ ‘ This would be effectual if different NGOs work in synergism. For case, in add-on to wellness NGOs, there is engagement of other relevant NGOs such as adult females ‘s NGOs that concentrate on activities to better the position of adult females and development NGOs whose Centre of involvement or activity is peculiarly on issues around development. Health NGOs, arguably, are dependent on their authorization or undertaking charter which is in tandem with the overall programmes of a wellness attention system within which they operate. Harmonizing to Ohanyido ( 2012 ) , the functions of wellness NGOs are summarized below: †¢ work to guarantee that the wellness services are efficient, effectual, and accessible. †¢ work within the wellness system to guarantee that the figure of well-trained staff is available through capacity- edifice or protagonism to authorities etc. †¢ aid guarantee that the wellness information system is able to bring forth utile informations on wellness determiners and wellness system public presentation, and besides avoid making parallel systems †¢ work with all stakeholders to guarantee that there is entree to medical specialties, vaccinums, and medical engineerings in an just manner. †¢ strengthen wellness financing systems by researching support beginnings and recommending to stakeholders to raise equal financess for wellness, and guaranting that people can entree low-cost services. †¢ strengthen the system by guaranting that the Leadership must vouch effectual inadvertence, ordinance, and answerability. However, in order to work expeditiously and efficaciously in bettering wellness attention system, wellness NGOs themselves must besides be found to be accountable, crystalline, and seem to be stand foring the involvements of the people.

Aggressive Skating

My favourite hobby is Aggressive Skating. When people think of skating they perhaps think of people skating along Brighton Pier. Aggressive Skating is totally different. If you have never heard of it or tried it you are in for a treat. Aggressive skating is expensive to start if you are new to the sport. Specialist shops sell everything you need, they are Roller Snakes, SS20, Transition, Skater's Paradise, H.P.S (Half Pipe Sports), UK Skates, Blue Room etc. There are lots more shops that I could name but those are the better ones. The costs of the skates vary from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½120 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½230. There are two different types of skates; hard boot and soft boot. The main difference is hard boot is made all out of plastic, soft boot is made from material and fabric and plastic inner boot. You can buy extras for your skates like frames and wheels. Unlike skateboarding there is not a set clothes style as such. You can buy some shirts and jumpers with some sponsors or brands on them but not a lot. The style that most skaters wear is long shirts and baggy jeans. They wear baggy jeans because they last much longer than other clothes. The basics of aggressive skating are learning to go up ramps and how to jump. The skate is much heavier than shoes so when you can jump with them on you are ready to try some tricks. There are many different styles of skating such as ‘Street'. Street is very different to other aspects of skating it is when you skate around looking for flat ledges and handrails. They can be small, tall long or even fat rails. My motto is â€Å"as long as you can reach it you can skate it†. To skate Street is illegal because you are skating on other people's property without their permission. Street skating is unsafe because the structures are untested. Street is very hard to do there is no safe way to skate street. The best you can do is wear shin guards. You should not street skate alone. It is safer to skate with friends because if you have an accident they will be there to call for help. You go out try it and find more and more sites to skate. Another style of skating is ‘Park'. Park is not illegal to skate at because it is purpose built. The one rule is that when in a skate park all injuries are your fault and the park does not accept responsibility for any injuries. There are some places to skate such as Playstation in London, Wandle Park in Croydon, Skaterham in Caterham and others. Park is safer to skate because it is structured to last a long time. You can go to Skate Parks at any time and usually they will have some low rails to practice on for beginners. Park has different ramps such as, Half-Pipes, Spine, Volcano, Mini Street course, Death Box. Competition skating is for those who are sponsored or want to be sponsored. The prize money is quite good but the extras are better. If you skate competition then you may get spotted and you could get sponsored. When you get sponsored you get free merchandise such as skates, wheels, clothes, frames, bags anything to do with skating. They want you to advertise their gear so others buy them whilst you get it all free. The social aspect of skating is basically all about friends. I started skating a year ago and I only knew three people but now I know 47 people who are my friends. Whenever the weather is good we arrange to meet each other at a particular park and we skate all day! Sometimes parents get angry because we are missing all day. Time flies when you are having fun. I remember when my friend was supposed to go home but he stayed at the park for an extra two hours and his mother came to get him. His street credibility was washed down the drain, because he was embarrassed and we never let him forget it. Each skater has a move that no one else can do. My trick is a 360 over the Volcano. This trick needs speed, height, spin and a good landing. It is very hard to do and I am the only one to land it. If you want to socialise with the best you must prove yourself worthy. If you socialise with people that are a bit better than you are then it pushes you to try harder and do more difficult tricks. There are some games that we play like trick for trick. This is when someone does a trick and you have to do the same one. Slam is another game it is when someone sets a trick or combination of tricks then you get three tries at it and if you don't do it you get a letter if you get all four letters you are out. There are three main different trick types the first one is spins. Spins are very fast and hard to land. There are different types of spins, such as late spins where you get air wait then spin near the end of your jump. Flat spin, this is when you approach the ramp at an angle and you spin at a horizontal angle then come back down and land vertical. This trick is hard to do. The most spins a skater has done is 1260. The spins I have achieved is a 720. For me this is hard but my little brother who is 13 can do a 900 and land it. The second trick type is Air this is where all the back flips and grabs come in. I can do lots of grabs but I cant back flip or front flip. Some of my friends can do somersaults. One day soon I will try a back and front flip then get into the complex stuff. The third trick is grinds and there are many different grinds I can do all the basic grinds and I can do some hard ones too. I can True Spin, Full Cab, Unnatural, Topside, Zero Spin and Ally OOP. These are different ways and types of grinds. In skating you must be safe, you should be prepared for anything. The type of protection you can buy will help you not to get injured badly but you will still get hurt. There is a very high danger level and injuries can be as minor as grazes to broken bones, but it is an adrenaline rush and you must try it.

What killed audiolingualism

Audiologists is one of the nine 20th century language teaching approaches which was based on contrastive analysis about behaviorism and structuralism, and was created as a reaction to the reading approach that was lacking of emphasis on oral- aural skills. The results of this approach, dialogues approach, were generally regarded a great success. The small groups of learners and high motivation were the caveats that undoubtedly contributed to the success of the approach.However, successful as it was, Audiologists reached its end in the sass and is no longer seed today. There are some reasons as to why this approach collapsed. The first reason was the emergence of error analysis that makes audiologists received attacks from many linguists. Chomsky attack on behaviorism view on which audiologists is based is very well-known. He also proposed that people have innate system- generally known as Universal Grammar- within them that provides them with ability to construct their own grammar.T he error in audiologists was also viewed not as something to be avoided. Error Is a good thing through which learners' mind is shown. There was another attack as well saying this approach, especially in the late sass, failed to follow the learners' needs In a way that the learners needed advanced academic skills more than they need oral skill because of the university requirement for enrollment at U.S and British (grab, 1991). That audiologists banned students from using Al because It will Interfere with their LA acquisition also received critics because some linguists viewed Al not as a hindrance, but as an important resource In decision making In writing Another reason that killed audiologists Is the negligence of the caveat that audiologists be taught In small class with highly motivated students.This negligence occurred because of several reasons; people's amazement toward how successful audiologists was that they Implemented It anywhere hoping to get the same success, and the b oredom that students felt due to the monotonousness for using drilling so often that they lose their motivation. This monotonousness was one thing that led Harmer (1991) to suggest that It not be used too frequently and too long. It Is human nature to get ordered and It Is Inevitable.In Dalton, the level of emergency also became the significant factor In a way that former learners with dialogues method viewed LA as an urgent need. Some needed It for World War 2, some-especially those who lived In one place with two language-needed It to be mediating language because It was the only way to communicate. However, LA learning today Is not because It Is urgently needed. Most of the time, It Is Just learned because It Is In the curriculum. However, despite all reasons mentioned above, It Is not that Audiologists Is a bad teaching approach.The alma of this paper, and also the alma of learning language teaching approach, Is not to Judge any approach. There Is no such thing called the best o r the worst method. Audiologists Itself Is not a bad approach since, at some point In history, It has been very successful. Thus, Audiologists, Just Like any other approaches, Is not for us to discredit. The task for all language teachers Is to find the method that Is most suitable and most effective for the learners. What killed audiologists By realization also viewed not as something to be avoided.Error is a good thing through which especially in the late sass, failed to follow the learners' needs in a way that the audiologists banned students from using Al because it will interfere with their LA but as an important resource in decision making in writing Another reason that killed audiologists is the negligence of the caveat that audiologists be taught in several reasons; people's amazement toward how successful audiologists was that they implemented it anywhere hoping to get the same success, and the boredom suggest that it not be used too frequently and too long.It is human natu re to get bored and it is inevitable. In addition, the level of emergency also became the significant factor in a way that former learners with dialogues method viewed LA as an urgent need. Some needed it for World War 2, some-especially those who lived in one place with two language-needed it to be mediating language because it was the only way to communicate. However, LA learning today is not because it is urgently needed. Most of the time, it is Just learned because it is in the curriculum.However, despite all reasons mentioned above, it is not that Audiologists is a bad teaching approach. The aim of this paper, and also the aim of learning language teaching approach, is not to Judge any approach. There is no such thing called the best or the worst method. Audiologists itself is not a bad approach since, at some point in history, it has been very successful. Thus, Audiologists, Just like any other approaches, is not for us to discredit. The task for all language teachers is to fi nd the method that is most suitable and most effective for the learners.

Agri-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Agri-Business - Essay Example The key success factor of Farmers Haven shall be its freshness and its purity in terms of organic nature of farming. The company shall brand itself as a high quality food supplier using best quality genomes for its produce. The paper is a detailed business plan that begins with a discussion of company’s objectives and mission. The paper identifies the key success factors of the business and goes forth to discuss the company’s key operations and products, its location geographies and facilities. The paper also discusses a detailed marketing strategy for the company highlighting its target market and key competitors. Under strategy implementation, the paper brings in the competitive edge for farmers Haven, its marketing strategy, pricing strategy, sales strategy and strategic alliances. The financial plan is the key to a comprehensive idea about the sources of funds and how they shall be utilised in the business processes. The financial summary also presents a pro-forma balance sheet and income statement presenting forecasts based on estimated figures based on ascertainable assumptions. Through the detailed discussion, the paper aims to provide a complete outlook on the proposed business pl an and its viability in the future. Farmers Haven shall be formed with the acquisition of the Knocktim Dairy Cottage and shall be working towards developing the fertile land into a full-fledged farming area producing high quality farm produce including fruits, vegetables, poultry produce and horticulture products. The 3 acre land shall be put to use in its fullest potential by farm managers and the owner who have the most extensive knowledge and experience in the farming business. The region of operations is located within an area of Scotland that is highly fertile and also attracts a lot of tourists for its natural beauty. The land is to be acquired for farming was primarily engaged in the dairy activities and it shall be strategically divided

The Cask of the Amontillado, by Edgar Allen Poe Term Paper

The Cask of the Amontillado, by Edgar Allen Poe - Term Paper Example Some literary experts suggested Poe got his idea for this story from being a former mason. The Cask of Amontillado fascinated its readers for the gruesome death of its victim. The manner of death was being entombed or buried alive by enclosure within a concrete wall. The technical term for this manner of execution is immurement, but there is a big difference in this death from being merely buried alive, such as being put into the ground. Immurement is a particularly painful and slow death due to dehydration and starvation, a manner of torture. A person buried alive dies from asphyxiation and death is much quicker, while being entombed through immurement signifies a lingering death which could take days or weeks. A lot of myths, stories and legends surround this manner of execution by immurement among a lot of people, especially in southeastern Europe due to superstitious beliefs arising from cases of bad luck in which buildings and bridges collapse inexplicably for no apparent reason at all. This short story can be better understood if viewed within the times it was written. It was a time of frenetic construction activities since this period coincided with rise of Industrial Revolution in which men and machines were able to build at a much greater pace. However, a superstition prevails in which a human sacrifice is sometimes needed to make the construction a success, and this gave rise to the various urban legends about immurement. This may partly explain the popularity of The Cask of Amontillado when it was published in 1846. Personal conflict – the protagonist and the antagonist in this short story engaged in a conflict that was personal in nature. In Montresor, as the storys narrator and also its criminal, author Poe implied some motive to his crime but it was not stated clearly what the reason was. The motive was vague and Poe merely left it to the readers to

E-business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 3

E-business - Essay Example It has been apparently observed that despite facing various challenges and ethical issues associated with the e-business practice of enterprise system, this particular system contributes significantly in organisational management, which is further identifiable in terms of improved management decision-making and effective utilisation of the accessible resources. The prime intention of this report is to analyse an electronic business system, having a noteworthy contribution to organisational management. Theoretically, the notion of electronic business system, also acknowledged as e-business, is regarded as a set of innovative technologies, tools as well as systems that assist in conducting business through online or internet (Macmillan Publishers Limited, n.d.). The application of internet medium for conducting business online is typically viewed as one of the biggest forces, which has contributed in changing the 21st century business scenario drastically. It is worth mentioning that the notion of electronic business system not only deals with buying as well as selling of products through online but also plays a decisive role in serving customers globally, irrespective of geographic and economic hindrances and most vitally, collaborating with business partners effectively (Durbhakula & Kim, 2011). In this modern day context, wherein the enti re business environment is identified to be changing rapidly, the conception of electronic business system or e-business is observed to gain immense significance in the corporate world. It is widely embraced in various industry sectors making the business process smoother and effective (Alter, 2002; Braithwaite, 2002). It would be vital to mention that the notion of e-business has gained its momentum in this present day context amid the marketers due to its innovative features that extend beyond the traditional business functions. In this similar

Bureaucratic organization definition Research Paper

Bureaucratic organization definition - Research Paper Example Bureaucratic organization is therefore highly systematic because it ensures remarkable level of control by initiating hierarchy of authority and power maintained by appropriate rules and regulations. Based on the above definition, the key in bureaucratic organization is the presence of hierarchy which substantially helps individual or member draw the line between power or authority and control. For this reason, a bureaucratic organization could turn out as a highly formalized system with the inclusion of substantial rules and control. According to Weber, the characteristics of bureaucratic organization include the presence of division of labor, rules, hierarchy of authority, impersonality and competence (Lunenburg & Ornstein, 2007, p.42). This means that in bureaucratic organizations, positions have clearly defined objectives and ordered in hierarchy, there are corresponding rules and precedents, there must impersonality and impartiality, a career ladder is present, and there must be standard norm of efficiency (Kornblum, 2011, p.144). However, even though bureaucratic organization is organized this way, it still consists of network of contracts that interplay, that at some point collusion may be significantly observed (Tirole, 1986). This view is substantially contradictory to what is set as bureaucratic organization where high level of control is remarkable. If this would be the case, then even there would be division of labor and even social networks, the hierarchy must still prevail and in essence, rules must suppose to always prevail.