Comparison Of Dulce Et Decorum Est And Facing It - 1052 Words

In the poems of â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Facing It† written by Wilfred Owen and Yusef Komunyakaa respectively, two entirely different yet similar stories of war are told. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† is told through the perspective of our narrator as he’s directly in the middle of a war and of the horrors he sees. From the unforgiving terrain to the description of the already beaten down soldiers, and quickly followed up with a gas attack, it is not a pretty picture. The poem tells of the soldiers scrambling to put their helmets on to shield them from the gas, but not all of them make it. One soldier helplessly fumbles with his helmet and does not manage to put it on in time. The images of his friend choking and drowning are all too real for†¦show more content†¦The remembrance of the flash of the booby trap that didn’t take our speakers life away in â€Å"Facing It,† but it did for someone he knew that was near him. On t he other hand, the death of someone who was only a couple feet away and in the exact same circumstance in â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est,† these moments defined our writers in a new way. It’s those â€Å"could’ve been me† moments that cause them to question the value of what they’re fighting for. It makes it personal. If you weren’t there, you wouldn’t understand what it is they’re going through and this point rings true in both poems. In â€Å"Facing It† a woman walks past the wall, but the names stay on the wall. A woman is able to brush a boy’s hair while our speaker stands there helpless and frozen. The sheer idea that people could be walking around and not glued to the ground as he is, trying to look away while wishing he couldn’t see their faces or know the names on the wall, is too much for him. Yet, it’s because they weren’t there. They didn’t see what he saw. This point easily ties in with Owen’s story as well. Toward the end, he writes that he can’t help but beg if only you too could walk behind the wagon they threw his friend in, to only see his hanging face. If you could only see him guttering and drowning time and time again in his dreams, to hear what he heard and saw what he saw, maybe you could begin to understand what he went through. The twisted irony of this poem is both in the name and the final line of the poem;Show MoreRelatedDulce Et Decorum Est2365 Words   |  10 Pagesforce we call propaganda. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori† is a controversial phrase used to describe the benefits of going to war. It has different translations but it basically states â€Å"it is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country†, this is just one of the many techniques a nation could use to shade the soldiers to the harsh reality of war. In this essay I will be evaluating two poems Dulce et Decorum est and The Charge of the Light Brigade. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum† est is a poem about war writtenRead MoreThe Soldier Poem Analysis1720 Words   |  7 Pageswritten at the outset of WW1, his representation of war is more propaganda like as it romanticises war, death and patriotism. Brooke never actually made it to the frontlines, so therefore he had no experience whatsoever. Wilfred Owen’s poem ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ was written from a firsthand perspective. He had experience from within the trenches and his representation focus’ on the sheer brutality and reality of war. Owen also challenges the perception of war within society. Eva Dobell’s poem ‘Pluck’Read Morecompacing Facing it and Dulce et Decorum Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Facing it† by Yusef Komunyakaa and â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen, are two powerful poems with the graphical life like images on the reality of war. It is apparent t hat the authors was a soldier who experienced some of the most gruesome images of World War I. In â€Å"Ducle et Decorum Est† Owen tells us about a personal experience in which he survived a chemical warfare attack. Although he survives, some of his fellow troops do not. As in â€Å"Facing It† Komunyakaa is also a soldier who has survivedRead MoreWilfred Owens Attitude Towards World War 1 As Shown In His Poetry2289 Words   |  10 Pagesthis is his most famous poem, Dulce et Decorum est is an example of a poem written through his own eyes, based on his own experiences and views of the war. He uses surreal and graphic imagery to give the reader the exact feeling that he wanted. He emphasises his point, showing that war is terrible and devastating. This poem conveys a strong meaning and persuasive argument. This poem uses four stanzas and an alternate rhyming line scheme. Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori is a quotationRead MoreThe Modern Literary Era Shift From Romanticism Into Realism In The 20th Century2016 Words   |  9 PagesSomme (Laconte). The Dead Marshes and its inspiration are harrowingly like Wilfred Owen s poem Dulce et Decorum est, with his vivid and powerful descriptions of a German gas attack. â€Å"Gas! GAS! Quick, boys! —An ecstasy of fumbling Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time, But someone still was yelling out and stumbling And flound’ring like a man in fire or limeâ€Å"(Owen). The poem Dulce et Decorum est also speaks of the The old lie, which he believes is a misconception that dying for your country

Domestic Violence Against Women During The United States

Domestic Violence Against Women in the United States Taking a look into America’s work industry, society’s values reflect the meaning of domestic violence. In order to gain an understanding of how societies function, many professionals have observed various factors that contribute to the way societies work and the specific explanations of social problems, such as domestic violence. Domestic violence and emotional abuse are behaviors used by one person to control the other. Victims can be of any age, sex, race, culture, and religion. Although both men and women can be abused, most victims are women. Domestic violence against women has become a social issue discussed by many Americans and it has become unacceptable, this paper will focus on the causes, effects, and solutions to domestic violence against women in the United States, and provide examples of how it has been changing through the years of 1995 to present. Violence against women is a substantial public health pr oblem in the United States. According to data from the criminal justice system, hospital, and medical records, mental health records, social services, and surveys, thousands of women are injured or killed each year as a result of violence, many by someone they are involved with or were involved with intimately. Nearly one-third of female homicide victims are killed by an intimate partner (Federal Bureau of Investigation 2001). Throughout this, many will read about intimate partner violence also calledShow MoreRelatedKnowing Our History Is Vital To Pursuing Our Future. Our1245 Words   |  5 Pagesfuture. Our history needs to be our guide in making the changes necessary to end the violence. Violence against women has been sanctioned throughout history. We need to know the struggles of those who came before us. By knowing our history we honor their spirits, we keep the flame of justice alive and it brings us to the stark reality that we have much work still to do. History of the Battered Women’s Movement 753 BC During the reign of Romulus in Rome, wife beating is accepted and condoned under The LawsRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On The United States930 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout the United States. Even though this abuse is evident in all states, some states, such as Kentucky, experiences higher rates of wife abuse than others. As I attempt to uncover an explanation for the high rates of wife abuse in Kentucky, I will discuss wife, or spousal, abuse in Kentucky and across the United States, the various programs offered to battered women in Kentucky, and how cell phones have both positive and negative effects for the victims of abuse. Although Domestic Violence is aRead MoreDefinition Of Violence Against Women Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesOrganization, The United Nations defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life (WHO Fact Sheet, 2016, para. 1).† There are many terms used to describe violence. The term domestic violence usually refers to interpersonal violence in a domestic setting such asRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1491 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a very important discussion subject, because it touches all levels of society, and it is widely spreading across a multitude of social groups. This social issue at present appears in different levels of society, and cannot be ignored by social institutions and people. The issue of domestic violence cannot be avoided because of the unfortunately high rate of abusive behavior, and more and more people being affected by abuse every day. People and social institutions cannot closeRead MoreBatter Women Syndrome- Domestic Violence Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesrelevant to our society today is in relation to women who suffer from domestic violence/ battering. Batter Women Syndrome (BWS) has recently been reformed in the United States as the Batter Person Syndrome (BPS) to include men as potential victims of domestic violence/ batter. The term batter person syndrome has been recognized as a social issue and legal changes have taken place in the United States in order to protect individuals affected by domestic violence/ battering. My overall goal for this essayRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse1478 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Background of Study ​Anger and violence happen at every level in the family, which ultimately destroys the family life, and it happens with couples, parents, children and also siblings. However, females have primarily been the target of violence (Payne Wermeling, 2009). Domestic abuse is often recurring and it signifies that one partner in the relationship threatens the other psychologically, economically and sexually by harming them physically or threatening to harm themRead More Violence Against Women Act of 1994 Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesFor centuries domestic violence has been perceived as a private matter private of which the government has not been concerned about nor was it considered the government’s business to intervene on behalf of a battered spouse. The unlawful nature of this failure for state or federal government intervention against this crime contributed to the systematic abuse of women in the family. The traditions, customs, and common law found in both British an d American societies continued right up until the lastRead MoreDomestic Violence and Abuse: A Global Epidemic Essay877 Words   |  4 Pages Domestic violence is a serious issue that negatively impacts women in our society. â€Å"Domestic abuse is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm† (Domestic Violence). Although domestic violence can impact men as well, this type of abuse seems to be more prevalent among women. This abuse destroys families and can even lead to death in some cases. Even though there has been improvement in spreading awareness about thisRead MoreHow Domestic Violence Affects Children As Well As The Mental Health Of Its Victims1744 Words   |  7 Pagesextensive overview of the research topic. This chapter will provide a historical background on domestic violence, a historical perspective of the services provided and an overview of different forms of domestic violence. T he goal of this literature review is to examine the statistical information that is presented as it relates to domestic violence. This literature review will also reveal how domestic violence affects children as well as the mental health of its victims. In addition, this chapter willRead MoreDomestic Violence in The Color Purple by Alice Walker Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pagesformer ages. Domestic Violence is a critical issue which negatively impacts women in the world today. The novel The Color Purple deals with the narrator Celie, a black woman uneducated and poor, who gets physically abused by both her so called father and husband. Throughout the novel, it is shown how a powerless woman rises and stands up for herself after years of being mistreated. Over 85% of women experience or go through a domestic violence through friends or family. Domestic Violence has sadly played

Cbt (Skinner) vs. Psychotherapy (Freud) Free Essays

Evan Hall ECPY 421 CBT (Skinner) vs. Psychotherapy (Freud) Introduction. Freud, being the â€Å"father† of psychology, has had an impact on the development of almost every other theory to fallow his own Psychotherapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Cbt (Skinner) vs. Psychotherapy (Freud) or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is primarily because most recognizable psychological theorists began their training under some form of Psychotherapy. B. F. Skinner was one of the many theorists affected by Freud and his theories. However, even though Skinner originally studied Psychotherapy he eventually decided to stray from Freudian theory and develop his of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.Being derived from Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy shares some ideas but has many differences. Both theories deal with altering the thoughts and behaviors of clients but on different levels and in different ways. Differences. Freud’s theory of Psychotherapy focuses solely on the unconscious mind and works to help the client to acquire some insight on their unconscious beliefs and behaviors. Measurement of the unconscious mind can be difficult considering its questionable existence. However, Freud was convinced that the unconscious mind was an imperative part of people’s lives and greatly effects their behavior and mental health. Freud’s therapeutic technique was for the therapist to be a blank slate and have absolutely no effect on the client. The client was then allowed to free associate, verbally expressing anything and everything that came to mind. It was Freud’s belief that everything expressed was an important clue to attaining the insight needed to relieve the problems which were troubling the client.Freud also believed that nothing said or done by the client was unintentional or a mistake. Freud believed that these â€Å"Freudian slips† were actually the unconscious mind, or the Id, breaking through the barriers created by the Ego and Superego. Freud believed that these barriers were created to control the impulses of the unconscious thereby protecting the individual from the morals of the surrounding society and vice versa. Freud’s technique was non-confrontational in that the therapist provided no guidance to the client. The therapist would only ask the client to consider the ossible hidden meanings to their trail of thought they had verbally expressed during their free association. (Dilman, 1988) Skinner on the other hand, considered the mind to be a â€Å"black box† and believed it was impossible to be measured or even considered when analyzing human behavior. Even though Skinner started off under Psychotherapy, he developed his theory of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy without any consideration of the unconscious mind. Skinner believed that all human behavior was learned and that the thought process involved in enacting the behavior could be conditioned.Skinner’s theory involved the use of the Skinner box. In the Skinner box either a rat or a pigeon was trained to perform a specific behavior in order to receive a food reward. Skinner used the food as reinforcement to promote the repetition of a specific behavior. Skinner created this form of operant conditioning after fallowing Pavlov’s studies in operant conditioning. Skinner believed that the unconscious mind was irrelevant when attempting to understand human behavior because all behaviors are learned using conscious cognition, which has no place in the unconscious mind.Skinner believed that all people are born as blank slates and that they are shaped and molded by the environment they live in. (Gelso Fretz, 2001) Similarities. There are very few similarities in the specifics of Freud and Skinner’s theories. The goal of Freud’s theory is for the client to gain insight on their unconscious impulses and behaviors so that the client may bring their unconscious behaviors into their conscious mind, allowing them to control or edit those behaviors to their liking. Skinner also attempts to alter human behavior, although in a more direct manner. Both of the theories focus on the past experiences of the clients. Freud believed that all unconscious behaviors and impulses are primal and imprinted in our brains at birth, but they are only malleable during the first five years of life. Skinner also focused on the clients past and how they may have been taught to behave through operant conditioning. Both theories end goal consist of altering or repressing undesired behaviors.Psychotherapy uses the acquiring of insight to allow the client to observe their unconscious behaviors bringing them into their conscious thoughts so that they may edit or suppress those behaviors. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy used the techniques of reinforcement and extinction to either promote or discourage specific behaviors. (Gelso Fretz, 2001) Skinner’s Theory in Depth. Skinner’s main theory of reinforcement is based in the behavioral approach where the theorists focus mainly on the overt behaviors of people and how they can be measured to some stimulus in our environment.An individual’s personality develops mostly in response to how they are reinforced or punished for responding to their environments. Due to ethical restrictions Skinner was not able to fully test operant conditioning with his Skinner box on humans, but he claimed that rats and pigeons would suffice because they share the same elemental processes as humans. This could be considered a weakness of Skinner’s theory because one may argue that humans may have similar elemental processes they also have much more developed cognitive processes that vastly exceed the limitations of rats and pigeons.One of the strengths of Skinner’s reinforcement theory is its effectiveness on young children. Most parents toda y still use a system of rewards and punishment to condition their children’s behavior, reinforcing the good behavior and discouraging the bad. Today’s jobs also use a system of rewards and punishment to condition employees to follow the rules the company seeks to enforce. If an employee follows the rules and displays the appropriate behavior, they could be rewarded with a pay raise, a promotion, or positive acknowledgement.If an employee doesn’t follow the rules they could be reprimanded with negative feedback, demotions, or cut hours for part time employees. Another weakness of Skinners reinforcement theory is its inability to be applied in most forms of therapy. It’s difficult for a therapist to manipulate a client’s behavior with a system of rewards and punishments simply because the therapist can’t be around the client at all times. Reinforcement theory is best used in a self-regulated system of rewards and punishment. However, without some sort of external monitoring there is no certainty to the reinforcement. A final strength of the reinforcement theory is its usefulness in behavioral modification when dealing with individuals with behavioral issues. Whether a therapist or parent is dealing with an unruly young child or a rebellious and troubled teen, Skinner’s reinforcement theory can be used to edit ones behaviors to promote the desired and discourage the undesired. (Toates, 2009) Conclusion. Even though Freud could be considered the â€Å"father† of psychology, his old theory of Psychotherapy has had at least some effect on almost all of the theories to follow his own.Skinner’s theory of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and reinforcement is no exception when considering Freud’s influence. However, it would seem that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Psychotherapy are on opposite ends of the therapy spectrum. Though the two theories do share some similarities, they have a vast amount of differences. Although Skinners theory of reinforcement is still used to help modify the behaviors of individuals with behavioral issues or the behaviors of younger children or young teens, it has many limits.Skinners reinforcement theory has little application in a therapist-client relationship because of time constraints and other physical limitations. Reinforcement theory also has limitations when considering experiments with human subjects. The theory could be seen as unethical and inhumane because it goal is to manipulate and shape the behaviors of people while ignoring their emotions and opinions. However, even with these limitations people still use Skinners reinforcement theory when molding the behaviors of their children to fit the values and rules of the environment they will be growing up in. How to cite Cbt (Skinner) vs. Psychotherapy (Freud), Papers

Reflective Journal to Improve Interpersonal Relations

Question: The reflective journal provides you with the opportunity to reflect on your learning in this subject and its applicability to you as a manager and/or leader. In addition, it allows you to think about and comment on your learning in relation to the concepts, theories and practices presented and discussed in the course. Answer: Introduction In like way, affiliations make all the more able when individuals are excited to reveal more about themselves and their perform encounters. It is an astounding however reality of life that two individuals can perform together for quite a while and never really get to know each other. In various associations, the lifestyle induces workers to cover their sentiments. The result is regularly an abatement of the affiliation system. Self-disclosure can bring about to a more start and pleasing atmosphere in the working environment (Altman, 1973). In a couple of circumstances, self-disclosure requires the strategy for a statement of regret or of allowing exoneration to some individual who apologizes to you. In case you are an executive or administrator, self-disclosure may take the strategy for profitable investigation of a worker whose adequacy is incapacitating. This fragment concentrates on favourable self-disclosure and on circumstances that impel fitting self-disclosure in a perform making (Aron, 1992). Background Self-disclosure is the technique for allowing a substitute individual acknowledge what you think, feel, or need (Chaikin, 1974). It is one of the key ways you let yourself be known by Exposing one's musings, emotions, and needs to an interchange individual joins some peril, yet the benefits of all the more proficient, more strong relationship with others makes Self-disclosure a key system on and off the vocation. Self-disclosure can enhance social correspondence, manage issue, and update social affiliations. It is imperative the refinement between Self-disclosure and depiction to oneself. Outline to oneself consolidates divulgence of nonthreatening inconspicuous components. This is purposes of investment that others could get some way or another other than by your instructing them (Dainton, 2001). Self-disclosure, by examination, frequently consolidates some level of danger. When you work out Self-disclosure, you reveal individual, individual unpretentious components that can't be gotten from an interchange resource (Deering, 1999). These embody your sentiments about being a part of a gathering, work fulfilment, and new leads and techniques. The criticalness of Self-disclosure, rather than depiction to oneself, is exhibited by the going with circumstance. You perform at a settlement centre and are extraordinarily aware of security. You take every security measure to balance work-related wounds. In any case an interchange worker has an essentially more easy-going identity set to manages of certification and frequently does not review to perceive the suitable frameworks, betting you and distinctive specialists. You can choose to open your sentiments to this individual or stay quiet. Regardless, your choice has repercussions. Benefits There are few preferences which can be acquired without any other person "self-disclosure". Extended precision in affiliation. "Self-disclosure consistently takes the strain out of the affiliation process. No one is a mind peruse; if individuals cover how they genuinely feel, it is troublesome for others to know how to react to them honest to goodness. The people who are disappointed by a great deal of work and loss of strength in their lifestyle, yet cover their bona fide slants, may never see the issue settled. The person who is in a spot to adjust this issue may be oblivious to what's crucial to youunless you cause it out (Derlega V. J., 1975). Diminishing of uneasiness. "Self-disclosure professes that an abundance of focus on comfort and disguise of feelings makes push inside a solitary individual. An abundance of individuals keep their slants and considerations bundled up inside, which can realize critical internal stretch. Right when tension signs, for instance, hypertension, sweating, and breath improve, our gatekeeper work reduces. The measure of extend that makes inside us relies on upon what parts of ourselves we choose to cover. In case you direly consider an astonishing hr issue yet hide your feelings and musings, the impact will likely be more push in your lifestyle (Derlega V. J., 1993). Extended care. It is tagged that care is one of the basic segments of mental keenness at work. IT depicts care as the ability to recognize and appreciate your feelings, assessments, and pushes, and their impact on others (Fisher, 1984). Care is the base on which change to oneself be plot. To mastermind an effective change in yourself, you must be hold of how you act, the perspectives that impact your behaviour, and how your behaviour influences others. An energetic Oriental accomplice at a budgetary organizations association found from her boss that she was seen as not being certain enough in her trades with customers. As she showed on this reviews and heard assumptions exhibited by her women relates, the partner became aware of how her social abilities impacted her association with customers (Hendrick, 1988). Stronger affiliations. A substitute reimburse from "Self-disclosure is the creating of social affiliations. Exactly when two individuals share in a start, legitimate exchange, they much of the time make a high appreciation for each other's evaluations. Extended legitimacy. People place stock in you when you are true blue and believable, not a duplicate of someone else. Vividness has been depicted as the unhampered work of one's veritable or vital self in one's normal exchanges with others. It needs performing in courses predictable with your own particular models and needs. Believability is crucial for close relationship in light of the way that closeness can't make without care and loyalty. Improvement Interpersonal Relations Habitually they find they discuss typical hobbies and issues, and these give as a base to an overabundance of associations, labourers experience they must be cautious about what they say and to whom they say it. Bob Stewart, business advisor, says people long for an office in which they can say what is on their cerebrum in a sincere and uncomplicated way. They need a veritable sort of relationship with their director and partners (Jourard, 1971). Our relationship with others is affected by two affiliations procedures over which we have control. We can deliberately make a make an attempt to uncover toward oneself our thoughts, thoughts, and sentiments when such development would enhance the affiliation. In addition we can moreover act to improve the measure of reviews from others. It symbolizes a self-disclosure arrange that shows minimum use of self-disclosure and overviews systems. This framework symbolizes a cold technique to social affiliation, one that fuses little discussing of purposes of investment. It also symbolizes a self-disclosure layout that shows gigantic usage of self-disclosure and reviews (Nakanishi, 1986). Authenticity, care, and typical appreciation are eccentricities of this design. You can take accommodating exercises to make a more noteworthy start screen exhibiting a responsive identity set when others make an attempt to accommodate you reviews. Openness to reviews from boss and partners, instead of rep etitiveness, is a basic key to achievements in the work environment. In case you become securing, this behaviour is subject to cut off the stream of inconspicuous components you must be all the more influential in your occupation. You can moreover surely get studies from your director and partners so they will experience protected in offering it to you (Miller, 1982). Conclusion and Future Practice Various individuals bring around a mixture of harm sentiments, upset musings, and issues that cleanses them of the power they need to deal with life's standard troubles. But self-disclosure gives a methodology to discard this weight, a couple of individuals proceed through life shot up by hostility and considerations. In case you foresee uncovering your emotions and musings, you make it harder for others to know you. You will recall from the earliest starting point of this portion that self-disclosure fuses revealing private unobtrusive components that can't be gotten from diverse resources. This kind of purposes of investment can regularly update the high gauge of your relationship with others (Oguchi, 1991). Transforming into a more start individual is not troublesome in case you are enthusiastic to work out. If you have to enhance here, start by taking little exercises. You may need in any case a nonthreatening go against a mate or neighbour (Rotter, 1980). Nevertheless, high gauge is asserted to understand the level of closeness more than whole does in spite of the way that every so often they may influence each other. People's acknowledged about what is basic in their perspective of affiliation is moreover a crucial thought while considering vicinity like helping grew time together, inspecting nostalgic emotions, having high periods of dedication, contingent upon each other and so on. References Altman, I. T. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Aron, A. A. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 596-612. Chaikin, A. L. (1974). Self-disclosure. Canada: General Learning Press. Dainton, M. A. (2001). A relational uncertainty analysis of jealousy, trust, and maintenance in long-distance versus geographically close relationships. Communication Quarterly , 172-188. Deering, C. G. (1999). To speak or not to speak. American Journal of Nursing, 34-38. Derlega, V. J. (1975). Sharing intimacy. What we reveal to others and why? New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Derlega, V. J. (1993). Self-disclosure. Newbury Park: Sage Publications Inc. Fisher, D. V. (1984). A conceptual analysis of self-disclosure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 277-296. Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 93-98. Jourard, S. (1971). Self-disclosure. An experimental analysis of the transparent self. Canada: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Miller, R. S. (1982). The assessment of social intimacy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 514-518. Nakanishi, M. (1986). Perceptions of self-disclosure in initial interaction. Human Communication Research, 167-190. Oguchi, T. (1991). Goal-based analysis of willingness of self-disclosure. Japanese Psychological Research, 180-187. Rotter, J. B. (1980). Interpersonal trust, trustworthiness, and gullibility. American Psychologist, 1-7.